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Article History

Received: 16 June 2025

Accepted: 28 August 2025

First Online: 3 September 2025

Change Date: 12 November 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Acknowledgments section has been updated.

Declarations

:

: The protocol for this study including all field studies and adult snail collection was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University (Approval no MI 3287) following the 8th Edition of the ‘Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals’ (NRC, 2011) and were designed and reported in accordance with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines for invertebrate research. Non-destructive sampling methods were rigorously followed to minimize habitat disruption and animal suffering. During brief handling or holding, snails were kept moist using sterile water, maintained in conditions mimicking their habitat and monitored closely. Species identification was confirmed by Dr. Amina Ibrahim (Associate Professor of Malacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute) to ensure accurate targeting and prevent harm to non-target species. All methods were performed in compliance with relevant Egyptian regulations and international guidelines governing the ethical use of invertebrates in research.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.