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α-pinene and β-sitosterol co-loaded alginate/gelatin-functionalized niosomes for enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-026-01132-2

Published Online: 2026-05-16

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Ghoraba, Hoda

Ashrafi, Fatemeh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-2092
Nadushan, Rezvan Mousavi

Abbaspour, Hosein
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-16

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-05-16
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Article History

Received: 21 August 2025

Accepted: 6 March 2026

First Online: 16 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The present study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, under the ethical code IR.IAU.TNB.REC.1403.139. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians, as applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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