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Article History

Received: 25 November 2019

Accepted: 6 May 2020

First Online: 19 May 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: This is an observational study based on data routinely collected by the Agency for Health Protection (ATS) of Milan, a public body of the Regional Health Service – Lombardy Region. The ATS has among its institutional functions, the government of the care pathway at the individual level in the regional social and healthcare system, the evaluation of the services provided to, and the outcomes of patients residing in the covered area. Particularly, the evaluation of the care pathway of diabetic subjects is deemed as a priority in the R.L. 7600, 20/12/2017, pp75 (). According to the function attributed to the ATS from the Regional legislation (R.L. 23/2015, 11/08/2015 ), ethical approval was deemed not necessary. This study is also ethically compliant with the National Law (D.Lgs. 101/2018 ) and the “General Authorisation to Process Personal Data for Scientific Research Purposes” (n.8 and 9/2016, referred to in the Data Protection Authority action of 13/12/2018 ). Administrative permission to perform the study was granted by the General Direction of the Agency for Health Protection (ATS) of Milan, resolution n°36 16/01/2018 (). Data were anonymised before its use for the present study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.