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Article History

Received: 3 August 2020

Accepted: 16 May 2021

First Online: 22 May 2021

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan. This study was exempted by the Research Ethics Committee of St. Luke’s International University from the consent requirement because most parameters in the state transition models were retrieved from previous studies. Only on calculating sensitivity and specificity rates applied to the state transition models (Table ), data obtained by opt-out policy was reutilized. When patients visited to St. Luke’s International Hospital, patients were provided with a document that explains their anonymous data may be used for research purposes. While written informed consent was not provided, opt-out policy documents form were provided and all patients had the opportunity to refuse use of their information from the electronic medical record.

: Not applicable.

: All authors declare no competing interests.