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Authors
Bai, Jing-Xian
Mo, De-Gang
Liu, Min
Liu, Tao
Han, Qian-Feng
Yao, Heng-Chen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2016HM49)
Hori- zontal research project of Shandong University (No.3450012001901)
Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Shandong Province (No.2019-0891)
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Article History
Received: 8 February 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 4 November 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University. All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the CHARLS study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
