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Article History

Received: 24 April 2025

Accepted: 19 November 2025

First Online: 28 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study utilized anonymized patient data collected during routine clinical care. According to the policy [ ] of the “National Ethical Committee for Scientific and Technological Knowledge” and the legislation of the Ministry of Health in Syria, formal ethical review was deemed unnecessary for this type of retrospective, minimal risk research involving exclusively anonymized data. Therefore, specific ethical approval for this study was not required and was not sought. The National Ethical Committee for Scientific and Technological Knowledge also waived the need for informed consent for the participants due to the retrospective nature of the study, the anonymization of the data making participants unidentifiable, and the minimal risk involved, aligning with their policy for research involving anonymous data [ ]. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.