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Authors
Zhang, Zheng
Fu, Chao
Chai, Yiyi
Gu, Yanrong
Wu, Xiaomin
Zhu, Dou
Lin, Ping
Yu, Bo
Li, Ling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72004045)
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The NHANES protocol was approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (approval numbers are available at ).
: Research involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and sanctioned by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board. All participants provided written informed consent before participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
