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Authors
Ali, AlaaAldeen Makki Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-6338
Babiker, Mazin Yousif
Elkheir, Habab Khalid
Saeed, Ali Awadallah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-4825
Mazrouei, Nadia Al https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-9730
Abdalla, Sami Fatehi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7396-8376
Alhur, Anas Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-7072
Alqadi, Abdulaziz
Alghamdi, Abdullah S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-6895
Badi, Safaa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-983X
Ahmed, Mohamed H.
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: The current study was approved by the Faculty of Pharmacy, National University – Sudan ethical committee (Approval No: NUFP-REC/001–01/001). Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their recruitment into the study, after a clear explanation of the study’s main objectives. The purpose, procedures, confidentiality measures, and the voluntary nature of participation were thoroughly explained by the principal investigator. All ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki were strictly followed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
