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Authors
Mao, Kaiyi
Liu, Ronghua
Jiang, Pingying
Cai, Weiqi
Lin, Yongxu
Chen, Fenglin
Wang, Linxi
Li, Dan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Joint Fund Project (2019Y9062)
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2020J011012)
Fujian Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases (2022YGPT004)
National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Projects of Fujian Province (2023-1594)
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Article History
Received: 25 December 2024
Accepted: 14 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: Written informed consent was provided by the participants before the inclusion in the NHANES database, which was reviewed and permitted by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Committee. Data are anonymized to make them available for public use. The study protocol was reviewed by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and followed the Declaration of Helsinki (No. 2018KY072).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
