Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 January 2025

Accepted: 22 January 2026

First Online: 31 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study adhered to strict ethical guidelines to ensure the protection and well-being of all participants. Before the start of the study, all stages, procedures, and objectives of the study were explained to the adolescent and his/her family, and written informed consent was obtained from all adolescents and parents. Study participants were assured that their personal information would remain confidential and that they had the right to withdraw from the study at any time. The researcher also emphasized that this study would not involve any financial burden for the participants. Since the control group did not receive any intervention, all educational materials were provided to them in the form of a booklet to comply with the ethical principles of the study.

: Not applicable.

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Tehran Azad University of Medical Sciences with the number REC.TMU.IAU.IR.1402.298 dated 2/20/2024.

: The authors declare no competing interests.