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Authors
Thapa, Saurav
Ghimire, Anup
Kunwar, Bijay
Aryal, Binay
Adhikari, Aramva Bikram
Karakheti, Arati
Gautam, Mani Prasad
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Article History
Received: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This cross-sectional observational study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference No. 892/2080/2081) of National Institute of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment. Participant confidentiality was maintained throughout the study, and all data were analyzed anonymously.
: Not applicable. No individual participant data, images, or identifying information are included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
