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Article History

Received: 22 March 2025

Accepted: 27 February 2026

First Online: 5 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of the School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, under reference number SBMLS/190/2022. Subsequently, a permission letter was obtained from the medical director of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki ( ). Prior to commencing data collection, data collectors were instructed to seek permission from participants, explain the study’s purpose, significance, and benefits, and address any questions to ensure informed consent. Written consent was then acquired from all participants, with the option to decline participation. For participants under the age of 18, consent was obtained from their parents or guardians. Where the research ethics committee or Institutional Review Board (IRB) waived the requirement for parental consent, this was explicitly noted and justified according to ethical standards. To protect participant confidentiality, data were anonymized using codes, and access was restricted to authorized personnel only. Any abnormal laboratory results were communicated to healthcare professionals to ensure appropriate management and treatment.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.