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Article History

Received: 12 July 2025

Accepted: 2 March 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study involving human participants was approved by the Committee on Medical Ethics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Initial ethical approval was obtained in August 2024 (Ref: PJ-2024-08-83), and a subsequent extension for an expanded sample size was approved in January 2026 (Ref: PJ-2025-12-20). Due to the retrospective and observational nature of the study, which utilized anonymized clinical data and imposed no additional risk to the participants, the requirement for informed consent was formally waived by the Ethics Committee. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: We confirmed the work presented is original research, has not been published previously, nor is it under review by any other journal. The results/data/figures in this manuscript have not been published elsewhere, nor are under consideration by another publisher.

: The authors declare no competing interests.