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Authors
Tang, Heng
Chen, Zhifeng
Wang, Shenfu
Li, Wen
Zhang, Wen
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tongling Municipal Hospital (Approval No. K2025004). All clinical data used in this retrospective cohort study were fully anonymized before being accessed and analyzed, with no possibility of identifying individual patients. Based on this and the non-interventional nature of the study, the Medical Ethics Committee of Tongling Municipal Hospital formally waived the requirement for written informed consent to participate from the study subjects.
: Not applicable.
: All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
