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Authors
Hayashi, Akinori
Takaesu, Rihito
Sogabe, Haruna
Tani, Yuiko
Aoki, Nagisa
Ko, Yoshiki
Tsuji, Satoshi
Moriguchi, Ibuki
Kobayashi, Naoyuki
Miyatsuka, Takeshi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP22K15674)
Japan Association for Diabetes Education and Care (2023-FND-012)
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kitasato University Hospital (B23-108). All study methods adhered to the relevant guidelines and regulations of Kitasato University Hospital, as well as the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Participants in Japan and under the Code of Ethics of the Helsinki Declaration . Given the retrospective study, informed consent was obtained using an opt-out approach.
: Not applicable.
: A.H. reports receiving speaker honoraria from Medtronic, Abbott, Dexcom, Terumo, Roche DC, and Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, as well as grants from Abbott outside the submitted work. T.M. reports receiving speaker honoraria from Abbott, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, as well as grants from Abbott, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho outside the submitted work. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this study were reported.
