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Authors
Zhou, Huanjie
Wang, Congshui
Ou, Chao
Lao, Yuehong
Luo, Yongbiao
Lao, Ming
Liu, Jinfeng
Xie, Juan
Huang, Hao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key R & D program Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province (AB19110007)
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Article History
Received: 7 March 2026
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 5 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study is a retrospective analysis based on data from the CHARLS. Participant information was anonymized prior to analysis. The original CHARLS survey was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015), and all participants provided written informed consent at the time of enrollment. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Clinical trial number: not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
