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Article History

Received: 21 January 2026

Accepted: 25 May 2026

First Online: 18 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Yancheng Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (Approval Number: 2025-LW-016). The Ethics Committee reviewed and approved the retrospective use of anonymized clinical and biochemical data, as well as the targeted genotyping of predefined obesity-related SNPs for the archived remaining blood samples. No additional sample collection was conducted. Since the risk of this study was extremely low, de-identified retrospective data and remaining biological samples were used, and it would not affect the diagnosis, treatment or clinical management of patients. Therefore, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for individual informed consent.

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the hospital, and, as the study was retrospective and all data were anonymized, the requirement for informed consent was waived.

: The authors declare no competing interests.