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Authors
Zhou, Xingxing
Wu, Shuang
Lu, Yunrui
Zhu, Shiyu
Liu, Chang
Shen, Jian
Xiang, Meixiang
Wu, Xifeng
Xie, Yao
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2026
Accepted: 21 September 2026
First Online: 28 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocols for both NHANES and the UK Biobank received ethical approval from their respective institutional review boards. Additionally, the current analysis (UK Biobank Application ID: 83421, 92606) was approved by the UK Biobank Access Management Team. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
