Document is current

Article History

Received: 23 February 2023

Accepted: 27 April 2023

First Online: 9 June 2023

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Local Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. All procedures performed that involved human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Full and detailed explanation was given to the patient whom the tooth will be extracted either for orthodontic treatment or periodontal problem. Each subject had signed an informed consent in which he permitted the researcher to use his tooth.

: Not Applicable.

: Reham Hassan declares she has no conflict of interest; Nehal Nabil Roshdy declares she has no conflict of interest.