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Authors
Ogwo, Chukwuebuka
Brown, Grant
Warren, John
Caplan, Daniel
Levy, Steven
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01-DE09551, R01-DE12101, M01-RR00059, UL1-RR024979)
Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust
Delta Dental of Iowa Foundation
Wefel award from the University of Iowa College of Dentistry
Post-Comprehensive Graduate Research award from the University of Iowa Graduate College
Cary Kleinman Oral Health Sciences Research Fund
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Article History
Received: 27 September 2023
Accepted: 24 April 2024
First Online: 3 May 2024
Declarations
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: Approval for the Iowa Fluoride Study was obtained from the University of Iowa Institutional Review Board for all components and procedures of the study. Informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to the examinations and questionnaires during age 23 assessments, with assent obtained at ages 13 and 17. Informed Consent also was obtained from the participants’ parents for all ages to children’s age 17. All the methods included in this study are in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
