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Article History

Received: 26 September 2024

Accepted: 8 December 2024

First Online: 22 December 2024

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institution Review Board of the Tropical Disease Research Centre (TDRC; TRC/C4/08/2023), Ndola, Zambia, followed by the recommendation from the National Health Research Authority (NHRA000011/13/07/2021) in Zambia and the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2021–02464). Informed consent was obtained from all the participants in the study.

: Not applicable.

: DG has served on scientific advisory boards and scientific presentations for Merck, Roche and AstraZeneca.

: 1. Professor David Ngassapa, Muhimbili University of Health Sciences and Allied Health, Tanzania, email: dngassapa@yahoo.com. 2. Professor Mohammed Razzaque, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA, email: mrazzaque@lecom.edu. 3. Professor Joakim Dillner, Center for Cervical Cancer Elimination, Department of CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, F46, S-14186, Stockholm, Sweden, email: Joakim.Dillner@ki.se. 4. Professor Gloria Sanchez, Grupo Infección y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia, email: gloria.sanchez@udea.edu.co. 5. Adriane Kamulegeya, PhD, School of Dentistry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda, email: adrianek55@gmail.com. 6. Ola Forslund, Associate Professor, Division of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, email: ola.forslund@med.lu.se.