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Article History

Received: 16 October 2024

Accepted: 9 December 2024

First Online: 4 January 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received approval from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (International No.: IORG0008839, Ethics Committee No.: 0499-9/2022). All procedures were conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical guidelines established by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. The study did not involve any human participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.