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Authors
Alshirah, Akram A.
Elnaem, Mohamed H.
Al-Ani, Ziad
Hudieb, Malik
Hamilton, Jeremy
Lowry, Deborah
McCarron, Paul A.
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2025
First Online: 1 May 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Research Ethics Committee at Ulster University (REC/23/0072) and the College of Medicine and Dentistry, ensuring compliance with ethical standards for research involving human participants. This study was conducted in full accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), as revised in 2013.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
