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Article History

Received: 30 October 2024

Accepted: 31 March 2025

First Online: 11 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This in vitro study was carried out at Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pamukkale University Faculty of Dentistry. Ethical approval for the study was received from Pamukkale University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (date:15/11/2022, no: E-60116787-020-289510). The animal teeth used in this study were obtained from a slaughterhouse in Turkey, where the animals were processed for human consumption under veterinary supervision. The teeth were requested from the slaughterhouse with permission from the owner. Since the animals were already designated for food production, no additional ethical approval was required beyond our institutional ethics committee’s permission.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.