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Article History

Received: 9 December 2024

Accepted: 5 May 2025

First Online: 29 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Our study utilized publicly accessible GBD data, thus eliminating the need for informed consent or ethical review. Since it exclusively used publicly accessible data that did not contain any confidential or personally identifiable patient information. Given the nature of the data, informed consent was not required, and no ethical review or patient consent was needed, ensuring both transparency and ethical integrity in using secondary, non-identifiable health data for our research.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.