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Authors
Ho, Teck-Ek
Yang, Yuan-Meng
Gu, Wen-Jia
Meng, Wen
Chen, Xin-Yu
Wu, Si-Cheng
Lo, Edward Chin Man
Li, Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-6217
Lu, Hai-Xia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-6472
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
General Project of the Shanghai Municipal Health Committee (202240355, 202240355)
Shanghai's Top Priority Research Center (2022ZZ01017, 2022ZZ01017)
Hong Kong Macao Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (22410760200)
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Article History
Received: 1 November 2024
Accepted: 8 May 2025
First Online: 5 June 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (project number: SH9H-2020-T56-1). Informed consent forms were signed by the mothers of all the preschoolers who voluntarily participated in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
