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Authors
White, Joel M.
Nahar, Pragati
Kukreti, Puja
Mangum, Jonathan
Solterbeck, Ann
Jensen, Rachel
Plack, Leslie
Vaderhobli, Ram
Jenson, Larry
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of California, San Francisco
Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd., Australia
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Article History
Received: 11 September 2024
Accepted: 16 May 2025
First Online: 29 May 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required as the study was not human subjects research and therefore not FDA-regulated. Institutional Review Board was not required for using de-identified tooth specimens in an in vitro study. The samples used in this study were collected by the University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry. Permission to use these materials was obtained from the University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry.
: Not applicable.
: At the time of the study, author JM was an executive of Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. and has no financial interest in GreenMark Biomedical Inc. Author RJ is a paid consultant for Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. and has no financial interest in Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd or GreenMark Biomedical Inc. Author AS is an independent statistical consultant paid, for this study, by Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. and has no other financial interest in Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. or GreenMark Biomedical Inc. Author LJ is an independent writing consultant paid, for this study, by Incisive Technologies Pty. Ltd. and has no other financial interest in Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. or GreenMark Biomedical Inc. UCSF authors, PK and PN are dental students at UCSF and have no financial interest in Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. or GreenMark Biomedical Inc. UCSF authors, JM, LP and RV are employees of UCSF and have no financial interest in either Incisive Technologies Pty Ltd. or GreenMark Biomedical Inc.
