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Authors
Qiu, Xichenhui
Xu, Ting
Huang, Yiqing
Wei, Changning
Wang, Lina
Wu, Bei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Youth Fund (72404193)
Guangdong Science and Technology Programs Youth Fund (892003120)
Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation General Program for Basic Research (20240813143325033)
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2025
Accepted: 26 May 2025
First Online: 5 June 2025
Declarations
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: This study complies with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. It utilizes publicly available, anonymized data from NHANES, which adheres to international ethical standards, including informed consent and data protection. The NHANES protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Center for Health Statistics.Written Informed Consent is obtained from all participants (or parents/guardians for minors) before any data collection. Accordingly, this study was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board of Shenzhen University Medical School. As the dataset is de-identified and publicly accessible, the secondary analysis was deemed not to involve human subjects research and was exempt from further IRB oversight.
: Consent for publication is not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
