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Authors
Shaikh, Safia S.
Javed, Muhammad Qasim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-4319
Ali, Ahmed
Ahmad, Zaina
Almohimeed, Khawlah https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1923-7106
Abulhamael, Ayman M.
Farah, Ra’fat I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3542-2775
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qassim University (QU-APC-2025)
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Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 5 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was performed after the approval was acquired from the Institutional Review Board, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia (Ref: EA/F-2020-3005). The need for consent to participate was waived by an Institutional Review Board, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, as it was a retrospective study and data was anonymized.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
