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Authors
Wang, Xiaoyu
Guan, Miaosheng
Liu, Lin
Xu, Rongchen
Yang, Zhongliang
Liu, Zhen
Li, Deyu
Tang, Chuhua
Wen, Ning
Li, Hongbo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
New medical technology and business of PLA General Hospital
Discipline construction assistance project of Medical center
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2024
Accepted: 6 June 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
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: The resin models utilized in this in vitro study were sourced from commercially available standardized models, with no patient data involved. Ethical approval was waived by the Medical Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital. The in vitro study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration on the Conduct of Medical Research. This study protocol followed the CRIS reporting guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
