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Article History

Received: 4 February 2025

Accepted: 16 June 2025

First Online: 9 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The research was carried out following the ethical guidelines established by the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 related to human studies.The study was approved by Mansoura University, Faculty of Dentistry, Research Ethics Committee with ethical permission number (NO A04030230M). Informed written consent was obtained from selected patients over 18 years old. For the patients under 18, the parents of the participating children provided informed written consent following a detailed explanation of the study procedures.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.