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Authors
Ge, Yongcheng
Zhao, Ting
Liu, Yuguang
Fan, Sizheng
Liu, Pengyuan
Zhao, Chengji
Liu, Xiaoqiu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2023YFB4605405)
the Scientific and Technological Development Scheme of Jilin Province (No.YDZJ202402060CXJD)
the Jilin University Teaching Reform Program (2023XZD106)
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 24 June 2025
First Online: 23 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study involving human participants/human data was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University (SJDKQ2024100), and informed consent was secured from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
