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Authors
Al-Abbadi, Reem
Shemais, Nesma
Nawwar, Alaa
Fawzy El-Sayed, Karim M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
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Article History
Received: 17 March 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 15 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocols involving human participants adhered to the ethical standards set by the institutional and/or national research committee and were conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the 2013 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions, or similar ethical standards. Both the research protocol and informed consent form were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt in June 2022 (IRB: 10|6|22). All participants included in the study gave written informed consents before their participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
