Liang, Xiang
Zhang, Zhou
Fang, Siya
Elayah, Sadam Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6906-8279
Bai, Le
Ahmadi, Sina
Liu, Jin
Xu, Fangfang
Han, Ying
Tu, Junbo
Na, Sijia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-4451
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81960914)
Shaanxi Provincial Health and Medical Research and Innovation Capacity Improvement Plan Project (2024TD-19)
Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2023-JC-QN-0997)
Shaanxi Provincial Laboratory Key Project (2025SYS-SYSZD-089)
Article History
Received: 8 February 2025
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 21 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The project titled “3D scaffold-free periodontal ligament stem cell pellet technology for periodontal tissue regeneration” was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University (approval NO. 2022 − 1433). It has been conducted following the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 and adheres to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Before the isolation and culture of periodontal ligament stem cells, written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of patients aged 14. In contrast, informed consent was directly obtained from patients aged 18.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.