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Article History

Received: 24 October 2024

Accepted: 30 June 2025

First Online: 16 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University approved the current study IRB: 0678–5/2023. The current experiment complied with the Helsinki Declaration, ARRIVE guidelines, and was be carried out in accordance with the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, and the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.