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Authors
Goodwin, Michaela
Kitsaras, George
Muzammil, Momina
Boothman, Nicola
Gomez, Juliana
Gangaraju, Beulah Amulyavathi
Walsh, Tanya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dental Health Unit
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2024
Accepted: 9 July 2025
First Online: 15 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was secured by the University of Manchester’s Proportionate University Research Ethics Committee (Ref.: 2022-15413-26189). Informed consent was obtained from parents, carers or legal guardians of any participant under the age of 16.
: Not applicable.
: Funding for the study was provided by Colgate-Palmolive, the connected brush used in the study was provided by Colgate and JG is a Colgate-Palmolive employee. GK, MG, MM, BG and NB are part of the Dental Health Unit of the University of Manchester which receives an unrestricted research grant from Colgate-Palmolive. TW has no conflict of interest to declare.
