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Authors
Aref, Ashraf https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5735-9882
Abd-Elhakim, Safaa https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3069-0596
Riad, Mona https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-8115
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 26 July 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures carried out with human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Egypt, with approval number 81/503 on 05/07/2021. All patients signed a written informed consent after receiving a detailed explanation of the process and the study’s objectives before being included to ensure their knowledge about their participation in the study and that they were informed about its nature.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
