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Authors
Lai, Yongqiang
Li, Ye
Liu, Xinwei
Shi, Yuanxiang
Qu, Fangqi
Zhang, Xiyu
Shi, Baoguo
Wang, Xiaohe
Sun, Tao
Huang, Xianhong
You, Dingyun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72174047)
Hangzhou Normal University Research Project (No. 4265C50224204063)
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 9 August 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study exclusively utilized aggregated, anonymized, and publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Consequently, no new data was collected from human participants, nor was any individual-level information used that would necessitate ethical review or informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
