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Authors
Morsy, Nour Gamal
Dowidar, Karin ML
El Din, Mona Mohy
Abolgheit, Salma
Sharaf, Dina Aly
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 15 August 2025
Declarations
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: Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Alexandria University Faculty of Dentistry (Approval No. 0843-01/2024, IRB No. 00010556-IORG:0008839) for this study, and was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all parents or legal guardians of the children whose primary molars were extracted for orthodontic purposes, with the understanding that the extracted teeth would be used solely for research purposes. Parents were assured of the confidentiality of their child’s information, which would be used exclusively for this research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
