Yang, Gang
Liu, Anqi
Pan, Jie
Zhao, Yijie
Yu, Liming
Sun, Liangyan
Tong, Xianqin
Li, Yuanyuan
Liu, Yuehua
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Stomatological Hospital (SHDC2023CRW016B-2023-01-KY09, SHDC2023CRW016B-2023-01-KY09)
Shanghai Municipal Hospital Development Center (SHDC2020CR2043B)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (202340147)
Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 13 August 2025
Declarations
:
: This retrospective study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shanghai Stomatological Hospital (approval no. 2023/012). All patients and their parents signed informed consent and authorizing the use of the examinations for research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), registration number ChiCTR2500102383.