Li, Zhengfen
Liu, Yijun
Sun, Jiangling
Rong, Meiyan
Niu, Cheng
Duan, Xubo
Yang, Wei
Liu, Mingkun
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guizhou University Doctoral Fund (grant (2022) 34)
Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province (Qiankehe support [2022] general No.272)
Article History
Received: 8 March 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guiyang Stomatological Hospital (Approval No.: GYSKLL-KY-20250117-01). All participants provided informed consent for the collection of extracted tooth specimens, and the research experiments were conducted in strict accordance with the ethical guidelines and research protocol.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.