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Authors
Hu, Xiangying
Wang, Bixia
Pan, Ting
Yuan, Weijun
Hou, Lili
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Excellent Nursing Talent Program of the Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine (No. JYHRC22-P02)
the Priority Research Program in Nursing Science at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. (No. Jyhz2507)
Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Project (2024SKMR-30)
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Article History
Received: 27 September 2024
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 11 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (approval no. SH9H-2023-T411-1). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
