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Article History

Received: 15 March 2025

Accepted: 21 August 2025

First Online: 3 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee for Health Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti (Ethical Clearance No: 041/S3/KEPK/FKG/12/2023). Prior to participation, written informed consent was obtained from all participants, ensuring their voluntary involvement and comprehensive understanding of the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. The study adhered strictly to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, including respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Confidentiality and anonymity of participant data were rigorously maintained, and all collected information was securely stored and used exclusively for research purposes. Participants were also informed of their right to withdraw at any stage without any repercussions.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for participation in the study, for the use of their responses for evaluation purposes, and for the publication of any identifying images (including Fig.  ). The authors affirm that all participants provided explicit consent for publication of their data. No personally identifying information is included in the final report, other than data strictly relevant to the service evaluation.

: The authors declare no competing interests.