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Authors
Vahedi, Parisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6940-0913
Bagheri, Nikta https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4928-0636
Khoramian Tusi, Somayeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-0330
Mohammadian, Manijeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0526-9573
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alborz University of Medical Sciences
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This in vitro study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Alborz University of Medical Sciences (Approval code: IR.ABZUMS.REC.1403.230). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study used extracted or exfoliated teeth with no patient identifiers, and the need for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Alborz University of Medical Sciences.
