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Authors
Ebadi, Ebrahim
Chen, Pengyu
Xiao, Zhongyi
Li, Yi
Osama, Almustafa
Gou, Yukun
Chen, Xi
Zhao, Yunshan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The joint project of universities in Shaanxi province (2020GXLH-Y-014)
The joint project of universities in Shaanxi province (2020GXLH-Y-014)
The joint project of universities in Shaanxi province (2020GXLH-Y-014)
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective clinical study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (XJTU1AF2022LSK-186). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. All procedures strictly adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
