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Authors
Shahin, Suliman
Gaffar, Balgis Osman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-1887
Nazir, Muhammad Ashraf
AlHussain, Ibrahim
Alghamdi, Wazeer
Alhumaid, Jehan
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Article History
Received: 15 October 2024
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 4 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board - Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IRB-2024-02-346). Prior arrangements were made with the Ministry of Interior to gain permission to visit the prisons. The prison administration announced the visit timings and inmates were informed about the study and their voluntary participation. Only those who gave consent to be examined and interviewed were included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
