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Authors
Aboalshamat, Khalid Talal
Alnafei, Jomanh Humied
Alkhattabi, Lojain Ahmed
Alhawsawi, Ghadi Yaqoub
Alahmadi, Shrooq Majed
Almalki, Shatha Omar
Nassar, Afnan Anas
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (Approval No. HAPO-02-K-012-2024-10-2317). All participants provided informed consent electronically before participation. Participants were asked to click on “Next” if they agreed on the informed consent. The questionnaire was administered anonymously, and all identifying information was removed prior to analysis to ensure confidentiality. This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki ethical principles declaration.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
