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Authors
Eid, Farah Y.
Elkalza, Ahmed R.
Madian, Ahmed M.
Yacout, Yomna M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 2 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University (IORG:0008839, Protocol no. 0906-04/2024). All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical guidelines adopted by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. All records were collected after obtaining the patients’ informed consent. As for subjects under the age of 16, informed consents to participate were obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
