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Authors
Lu, Zhi-cen
Yang, Meng-hui
Zhong, Wei-yi
Zheng, Ya-xin
Hong, Guang
Yu, Hao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fujian Provincial University Industry-Research Collaborative Innovation Project (2024H6028)
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University (Approval No. 2022-56) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Chinese Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (2016). Unstimulated saliva was collected immediately before application, from one healthy author who had refrained from consuming food and beverages for 1.5 h prior to the collection process [, ]. All data were anonymized to protect participant privacy, and the co-author participant was excluded from data analysis to avoid conflicts of interest.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
