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Authors
Shalaby, Lobna https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8610-9227
Saifeldin, Hatem
Samad, Fatma Abdel
Mohamed, Tarek
El Demery, Yosra
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was exempted from review because it is a laboratory study not involving the use of any animal or human data. An exemption number was submitted by the by the Institutional Ethical Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University (FDASU-Rec ER012362). Consent to participate is not applicable for this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
